Answered by Shaykh Yūsuf Badāt
Question:
I have some questions about the dhikr [or takbīr] that one must say after each prayer during ʿEīd. When do we begin this takbīr? When do we stop? Is it to be said after every single prayer, even sunnah and make up prayers? Do we do it on both ʿEīds?
Answer:
In the Name of God, Most Merciful, Most Kind
Jazāk Allāh Khayr/ Thank you for your question.
Takbīrs for Dhū Al-Ḥijjah (ʿEīd Al-Aḍḥā)
Kindly note that the takbīr al-tashrīq can be recited after prayers as follows according to the various positions of jurisprudence in the below mentioned schools;
Ḥanbalī School
According to the Ḥanbalī school, to recite the takbīrs is sunnah (a prophetic practice) after farḍ prayers offered in congregation. The start day is on the 9th of Dhū Al-Ḥijjah at Fajr up to the ʿAṣr of the 3rd day of ʿEīd (Tashrīq). Both residents and travelers are to recite the takbīr. The words to be recited are, “Allāh Akbar Allāh Akbar Lā Ilāha Illā Allāh Wa Allāh Akbar Allāh Akbar Wa Lillāhi Al-Ḥamd”
Mālikī School
The Mālikī school is of the view that reciting the takbīrs is mustaḥab (recommended). The takbīrs are to be recited by every believer, the resident, traveler, men, women and children after farḍ prayers, whether performed individually or in congregation. The time to start the takbīrs, is after dhuhr on ʿEīd day (10th) to the Fajr of the 4th day of tashrīq. The takbīr’s wordings are this, “Allāh Akbar, Allāh Akbar, Allāh Akbar”.
Shāfiʿe School
The position of the Shāfiʿe school regarding the takbīrs is sunnah after every formal prayer (ṣalāh) whether offered individually or in a congregation, even funeral prayer. The timing is from the Fajr prayer of ʿArafah day (9th) to the ʿAṣr of the 3rd day after ʿEīd. The takbīrs need not to be said immediately after prayers rather can be articulated with delay. The wordings are, “Allāh Akbar Allāh Akbar Lā Ilāha Illā Allāh Wa Allāh Akbar Allāh Akbar Wa Lillāhi Al-Ḥamd, Allāh Akbar Kabīrā Walḥamdulillāhi Kathīra.”
Ḥanafī School
According to the Ḥanafī school, it is wājib (necessary) to audibly articulate the takbīrs after every congregational farḍ prayer by those who are not in travel. It is preferred for women to recite softly. The timings are from after Fajr on ʿArafah day (9th) up to the ʿAṣr of the 4th day, following ʿEīd. This takbīr must be said at least once immediately after each mandatory ritual prayer, “Allāh Akbar Allāh Akbar Lā Ilāha Illā Allāh Wa Allāh Akbar Allāh Akbar Wa Lillāhi Al-Ḥamd”
(References: Kitāb Al-Fiqh ʿAlā Madhāhib Al-Arbaʿah, Al-Muḥīṭ Al-Burhānīy, Khuṭubāt Al-Aḥkām)
“And remember God [excessively] during the appointed days.” – (Qurʿān 2:203)
ʿAmmār Ibn Yāsir (may God be pleased with him) reports the he heard the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) say the takbīr after mandatory prayers from the morning prayer of ʿArafah day to the ʿAṣr prayer of the final day of tashrīq when making salām of Farḍ prayers.” – (Al-Dār Quṭnīy)
Jābir (may God be pleased with him) reports, “The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed Fajr prayer on ʿArafah day (9th) then said, “Allāh Akbar Allāh Akbar Lā Ilāha Illā Allāh Wa Allāh Akbar Allāh Akbar Wa Lillāhi Al-Ḥamd.” – (Musnad Aḥmad)
ʿAbd Allāh (may God be pleased with him) used to say the takbīr al-tashrīq from Fajr prayer of the 9th Dhū Al-Ḥijjah to ʿAṣr prayer of the 10th.” – (Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shaybah)
ʿAlī Ibn Abī Ṭalib (may God be pleased with him) would articulate the takbīr al-tashrīq after the Fajr prayer of the 9th to the ʿAṣr prayer of the last day of tashrīq. He would also say the takbīr after ʿAṣr prayer. – (Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shaybah)
Takbīrs for ʿEīd Al-Fiṭr
The above are rulings regarding the takbīrs are for ʿEīd Al-Aḍḥā in Dhū Al-Ḥijjah.
For ʿEīd Al-Fiṭr, at the conclusion of Ramaḍān, the takbīrs are to be recited from the time Ramaḍān ends upon the new crescent of Shawwāl until the ʿEīd Al-Fiṭr prayer is offered. It is to be recited as much as possible at home, the masājid and in market places. There are no specified timings or wordings, such as after mandatory prayers, for the takbīrs in ʿEīd Al-Fiṭr.” – (See: Al-Baḥr Al-Rāiq, Kitāb Al-Umm, Al-Majmūʾ)
The same takbīr as ʿEīd Al-Aḍḥā can be recited, “Allāh Akbar Allāh Akbar Lā Ilāha Illā Allāh Wa Allāh Akbar Allāh Akbar Wa Lillāhi Al-Ḥamd”
“You must complete the number [of days for Ramaḍān], and you must magnify God [by saying takbīrs] for having guided you so that you may be grateful to Him.” – (Qurʾān 2:185)
And Allāh Knows Best
